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- [S160] Lineages by Orders of the Crown of Charlemagne & Merovingian Dynasty, Thomas Keene Line to Mérovée | https://web.archive.org/web/20061209125348/www.merovingiandynasty.com/Keene.htm (Plymouth, Minnesota: Order of the Merovingian Dynasty). Stuart, Roderick W. Royalty For Commoners, Fourth Edition, (Baltimore: GPC, 2002), p. 162, line 303 (51), p. 188 Line 349 (51). ~ Wood, Ian, The Merovingian Kingdoms, 450-751 , (Harlow, England: Longman, Pearson Education, 1994), pp. 41-54, 344, 356-357.. (Reliability: 4).
- [S110] Leo's Genealogics Website by Leonardus Franciscus Maria van de Pas, I00310262 (Perth, Australia: www.genealogics.org). ~ Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.), Reference: I-1 1.. (Reliability: 4).
- [S110] Leo's Genealogics Website by Leonardus Franciscus Maria van de Pas, I00310264 (Perth, Australia: www.genealogics.org). ~ Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.), Reference: I-1 1.. (Reliability: 4).
- [S165] The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition by Peter N. Stearns, The Merovingian Kings (Houghton Mifflin, 2001). (Reliability: 4).
- [S26] Directory of Royal Genealogical Data by Brian Tompset, http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal11923 (Hull, England: University of Hull). (Reliability: 4).
- [S165] The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition by Peter N. Stearns, The Frankish Kingdom (Houghton Mifflin, 2001). (Reliability: 4).
- [S163] The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition by Columbia University Press, Merovingians (New York, New York: Bartleby.com, July, 2005). (Reliability: 4).
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