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- [S165] The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition by Peter N. Stearns, The Merovingian Kings (Houghton Mifflin, 2001). (Reliability: 4).
- [S110] Leo's Genealogics Website by Leonardus Franciscus Maria van de Pas, I00199450 (Perth, Australia: www.genealogics.org). ~ Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, 4 volumes, Marburg, 1953, 1975, Isenburg, W. K. Prinz von, Reference: I 1. ~ Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.), Reference: I-1 1.. (Reliability: 4).
- [S160] Lineages by Orders of the Crown of Charlemagne & Merovingian Dynasty, Thomas Keene Line to Mérovée | https://web.archive.org/web/20061209125348/www.merovingiandynasty.com/Keene.htm (Plymouth, Minnesota: Order of the Merovingian Dynasty). Stuart, Roderick W. Royalty For Commoners, Fourth Edition, (Baltimore: GPC, 2002), p. 162, line 303 (50). ~ Wood, Ian, The Merovingian Kingdoms, 450-751 , (Harlow, England: Longman, Pearson Education, 1994), pp. 344, 351, 355, etc.. (Reliability: 4).
- [S110] Leo's Genealogics Website by Leonardus Franciscus Maria van de Pas, I00310265 (Perth, Australia: www.genealogics.org). ~ Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, Schwennicke, Detlev (Ed.), Reference: I-1 1.. (Reliability: 4).
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